Glossary
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Alternative OffsetTM - high-brightness uncoated groundwood paper used for direct mail printing, catalogue inserts, technical manuals, financial printing and book printing.
Capacity - budgeted tonnes produced per day multiplied by calendar days.
Coated paper - grades of paper to which a coating is applied, either on the paper machine or a subsequent process.
Communication papers - a term used to describe those paper grades used by printers and publishers in their production of books, magazines, newspapers, etc.
De-inking - a process of re-pulping waste paper to remove inksand other non-fibre contaminants, producing clean fibre suitable for paper manufacturing (DIP).
Directory Papers - lightweight uncoated groundwood papers used for telephone and other directories and catalogues.
Effluent - the liquid waste of industrial processing.
Effluent treatment - Primary treatment: a process which removes suspended solids from effluent. Secondary treatment: a process which reduces the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and toxicity of effluent.
Equal OffsetTM - a very bright, surface-enhanced groundwood offset that delivers "equal" opacity, brightness and caliper with exceptional savings when compared to standard offsets.
Fibre - the structural components of woody plants that are separated from each other during the pulping operation in a pulp mill and reassembled into the form of a sheet during the papermaking process. There are principally two types of fibre:
Virgin fibre - wood fibre derived from trees not previously processed into paper;
Recycled fibre - fibre derived from old magazines (OMP)and old newsprint (ONP) collected to make and strengthen recycled paper products.
Hectare - 259 hectares equal 1 square mile, 1 hectare = 2.471 acres or .01 square kilometer.
High-brightness papers - uncoated groundwood paper with a brightness level higher than standard newsprint.
International - refers to any geographical area outside North America when used in reference to our markets.
ISO - administered by the Geneva-based International Organization for Standardization, the ISO document series defines high international standards of quality management systems in manufacturing and distribution.
Limits - leased or owned forest lands (usually described in terms of square miles or hectares), from which the company procures fibre for its paper mills.
LWC (or light-weighted coated) - clay-coated groundwood paper having a smooth finish and high opacity, used primarily for catalogues, magazines and inserts. A higher-value grade that competes in the same end-use market as SC papers.
MBf - millions of board feet. (1 board foot = 1 square of lumber, 1inch thick)
Mill net price - transaction price less delivery cost.
Newsprint - a printing paper whose major use is in newspapers. It is made largely from groundwood or mechanical pulp reinforced to varying degrees by chemical pulp.
Operating rate - the ratio of actual days of machine operation to the days available.
Operating efficiency - the ratio of actual saleable tonnes manufactured to the maximum possible tonnes.
Pulp - a fibrous material produced by mechanically or chemically reducing woody plants into their components parts for the production of paper products. Pulp can result from a variety of processes including cooking, refining, grinding or the processing and cleaning of waste paper. Pulp can be either in a wet or dry state. Types of pulp include:
Chemical pulp - pulp obtained by cooking wood in solutions of various chemicals. The principal chemical processes are sulphite and sulphate;
CTMP - chemi-thermomechanical pulp, being pulp produced from wood chips using heated mechanical and chemical processes to break the bonds between the wood fibres;
Groundwood - pulp produced mechanically by grinding logs on a stone;
Kraft pulp - pulp produced by a process where the active cooking agent is a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulphide;
Recycled pulp - pulp produced from de-inking old newspapers and old magazines;
Sulphite pulp - an acid pulp produced from chips reduced to their component parts by cooking a pressurized vessel using an acidic liquor. Sulphite pulp can be produced using various techniques to increase yield of pulp per tonne of raw fibre, to produce high-yield sulfite pulp (HYS) and high-yield sulphite pulp;
TMP-: thermomechanical pulp produced through a chemical-free process involving the mechanical refining of wood chips under high temperature and pressure.
Pulpwood - logs used for making pulp, as opposed to those used for lumber (saw logs).
Rotogravure paper - high smoothness uncoated groundwood paper, typically used for printing of catalogues and magazines.
SC (supercalendered) paper - clay-filled groundwood paper (ABIcal) having a smooth finish and high opacity, used primarily for catalogues, magazines and inserts. SCA is a higher-value grade than SCB, which is higher than SCC.
Soft-nip - a finishing process where the contact area between two rolls on a papermaking machine is used to make the paper smooth and glossy.
Stumpage fee - the charge levied by certain provincial governments in Canada for trees cut on Crown land.
Sustainable forestry - managing and using the forest to meet the various needs of today's society, while maintaining the productive capacity of natural forest ecosystems and the biodiversity of the forest.
Tonne - 1 metric tonne equals 1.1023 short tons (1 short ton equals 2,000 pounds)
Total frequency of accidents - number of accidents involving lost time or modified work multiplied by 200,000 divided by the number of hours worked.
UFS (or uncoated free-sheet) - grades of paper made up of essentially all chemical pulp with no mechanical pulp and without any applied sheet-coating material. It is used for printing and writing purposes.
Uncoated groundwood - a higher value grade of paper which has properties similar to newsprint and is used in printing papers for directories, catalogues, advertising circulars,
periodicals, etc.
Commercial printing papers - quality uncoated paper that is a higher grade than newsprint, but lower than fine paper, in terms of brightness, surface smoothness and opacity. Made largely from groundwood or mechanical pulp and also contains varying proportions of chemical pulp and fillers.
Wood chips - pieces of wood approximately 1'' square by 1/8'' thick resulting from the cutting of logs in chippers.